Neurodegenerative diseases are a group of disorders characterized by the progressive degeneration of the structure and function of the nervous system. These diseases primarily affect neurons, the building blocks of the nervous system responsible for transmitting signals throughout the body.
– Often the most noticeable symptom, especially in diseases like Alzheimer's. Patients may have difficulty remembering recent events, conversations, or names.
- Includes problems with thinking, concentration, and problem-solving. This can affect daily activities and decision-making.
– Symptoms such as tremors, rigidity, bradykinesia (slowness of movement), and postural instability are hallmark features of Parkinson's disease and other movement disorders.
- Patients may experience aphasia (difficulty in speech), dysarthria (slurred speech), or difficulty understanding language.
- Changes in mood, personality, and behavior are common. This can include increased apathy, depression, anxiety, and even aggression or irritability.
- Issues with coordination and balance can lead to frequent falls and difficulty walking, often seen in conditions like multiple sclerosis and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS).
Progressive muscle weakness is a key symptom of diseases like ALS. It can start in one part of the body and spread, leading to significant disability.
– Patients may experience numbness, tingling, or loss of sensation. Vision and hearing may also be affected in some neurodegenerative diseases.
- This includes problems with blood pressure regulation, heart rate, digestion, and bladder control, often seen in Parkinson's disease and multiple system atrophy.
- While not as common as other symptoms, some neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer's and certain forms of epilepsy, can include seizures as a symptom.