Pregnancy is a remarkable phase in a woman’s life, characterized by significant physiological and hormonal changes that support the developing fetus. One of the critical aspects of pregnancy is how it affects the immune system.
The immune system shifts to an anti-inflammatory state to prevent fetal rejection, reducing its ability to fight off certain infections.
Increased levels of progesterone and estrogen modulate immune responses, potentially lowering the body's defense against pathogens.
The rise in regulatory T cells (Tregs) suppresses immune responses to maintain fetal tolerance, which can decrease the ability to combat infections.
NK cells, crucial for early pregnancy, are adjusted to support placental development, possibly reducing their effectiveness in fighting infections.
Pregnancy alters cytokine profiles, promoting a more anti-inflammatory environment that can weaken the overall immune response.
Changes in the respiratory and urinary systems during pregnancy can increase susceptibility to respiratory infections and urinary tract infections.
Unexplained weight loss, which can occur due to metabolic changes associated with cancer or loss of appetite.
Increased nutritional needs during pregnancy can lead to deficiencies in essential vitamins and minerals that support immune function.
Higher blood volume during pregnancy dilutes immune cells, potentially reducing the concentration of these cells available to fight infections.
Pregnancy can cause fluctuations in autoimmune conditions, sometimes worsening them and compromising the immune system's efficiency.