Bladder cancer is a type of cancer that begins in the cells of the bladder, the hollow organ in the pelvis responsible for storing urine before it's expelled from the body. Bladder cancer typically originates in the inner lining of the bladder known as the urothelium, although it can also develop in other types of bladder cells.
Cigarette smoking is the leading cause of bladder cancer, responsible for a significant portion of cases. The harmful chemicals in tobacco smoke can enter the bloodstream and accumulate in the bladder, increasing the risk of cancerous cell growth.
Certain occupations involve exposure to chemicals and substances known to increase the risk of bladder cancer. These include aromatic amines used in industries such as dye manufacturing, rubber production, and certain types of printing.
Exposure to certain chemicals, such as arsenic and chemicals used in the production of plastics, textiles, and paints, may increase the risk of bladder cancer.
Conditions that cause chronic irritation and inflammation of the bladder, such as recurrent urinary tract infections, bladder stones, and long-term use of urinary catheters, can increase the risk of bladder cancer.
Individuals with a family history of bladder cancer may have an increased risk of developing the disease, suggesting a possible genetic predisposition.
Bladder cancer becomes more common as people age, with the majority of cases diagnosed in individuals over the age of 55.
Men are more likely than women to develop bladder cancer, although the reasons for this difference are not entirely understood.
Bladder cancer rates vary among different racial and ethnic groups, with higher incidence rates reported in Caucasians compared to African Americans and Asian Americans.
Chronic or recurrent urinary tract infections may increase the risk of bladder cancer, although the exact relationship between the two is not fully understood.
Previous radiation treatment for other cancers, such as radiation therapy for prostate cancer or pelvic radiation for gynecologic cancers, may slightly increase the risk of bladder cancer later in life.