The West Nile virus, a stealthy invader transmitted primarily through mosquito bites, presents a spectrum of symptoms that can range from mild discomfort to severe neurological impairment.
One of the most common symptoms of West Nile virus infection is fever. This can range from a low-grade fever to a high fever and is often one of the first signs that something is amiss.
A persistent headache is another frequent symptom. The headache associated with West Nile virus can be intense and debilitating, often exacerbating other symptoms and contributing to overall discomfort.
Muscle and joint aches, akin to those experienced with influenza, are common. These aches can affect various parts of the body and contribute to the feeling of malaise.
Profound fatigue and a general sense of weakness can accompany the infection. This fatigue can be severe enough to interfere with daily activities and may last for weeks, even after other symptoms have subsided.
Some individuals with West Nile virus develop a rash, which is typically characterized by a red, splotchy appearance. The rash often manifests on the trunk of the body and can be itchy or uncomfortable.
Gastrointestinal symptoms such as vomiting and diarrhea are less common but can occur. These symptoms can contribute to dehydration and further weaken the individual.
Swollen lymph nodes, particularly in the neck and armpit areas, can occur as the body's immune system responds to the viral infection. This symptom can sometimes be painful and tender to the touch.
Ocular symptoms, including pain behind the eyes, can be part of the clinical picture. This eye pain can be accompanied by sensitivity to light (photophobia), adding to the overall discomfort.
A stiff neck can indicate the involvement of the central nervous system, particularly if it is associated with severe headache and other neurological symptoms. This stiffness can be a sign of meningitis or encephalitis, which are serious complications of the virus.
In severe cases, West Nile virus can affect the central nervous system, leading to symptoms such as confusion, disorientation, tremors, seizures, and even paralysis. These neurological symptoms can be life-threatening and require immediate medical attention.