Acute Kidney Injury (AKI), formerly known as acute renal failure, is a sudden and often reversible decline in kidney function. It typically manifests as a rapid increase in serum creatinine levels and a reduction in urine output over a period of hours to days.
The primary mode of transmission is through direct contact with infected birds or their droppings. Handling sick birds or being in close proximity to infected poultry increases the risk of contracting the virus.
Eating undercooked or raw poultry products contaminated with the avian influenza virus can lead to human infection.
The virus can survive on surfaces for a certain period. Coming into contact with contaminated surfaces such as cages, coops, or equipment used in poultry farming can result in infection if proper hygiene measures are not followed.
n some cases, avian influenza viruses can become airborne in aerosolized form. Inhalation of these virus particles, especially in enclosed spaces with infected birds, can lead to human infection.
People working in poultry farms, live bird markets, or involved in the poultry industry are at higher risk of exposure to the avian influenza virus due to their close contact with infected birds.
Traveling to regions where avian influenza is prevalent increases the risk of exposure to the virus. Close contact with infected poultry or contaminated environments in these areas can result in human infection.
Inadequate biosecurity measures in poultry farms or live bird markets can facilitate the spread of the avian influenza virus among birds and increase the risk of transmission to humans.
Genetic mutations in the avian influenza virus can potentially enhance its ability to infect humans. Certain strains may acquire genetic changes that enable efficient transmission from birds to humans.
Avian influenza viruses have the potential to jump from birds to humans through genetic reassortment or direct transmission. Certain strains may acquire the ability to infect humans directly, leading to outbreaks or even pandemics.
Human-to-human transmission of avian influenza is rare but possible, especially in cases where there is close and prolonged contact with infected individuals. This can occur within households or healthcare settings.